domingo, 4 de febrero de 2024

ON THE AGING & LIVING PROCESSES

  THE AGING PROCESS  :  ON GETTING OLD (DIS) GRACEFULLY….

QUOTATIONS

I have finally become the person I always wanted to be: an old person, perhaps still young at heart, and a naive mind, the old man I wanted to meet in my youth.

“Of all tyrannies, a tyranny sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. It would be better to live under robber barons than under omnipotent moral busybodies.” CS Lewis

"To get back to my youth I would do anything in the world, except exercise, get up early, or be respectable." Oscar Wilde

"The older we get, the fewer things seem worth waiting in line for." Will Rogers

"We must recognize that, as we grow older, we become like old cars –more and more repairs and replacements are necessary." C.S. Lewis

"Old age is like a plane flying through a storm. Once you are aboard there is nothing you can do about it." Golda Meir

"I’m so old that my blood type is discontinued."Bill Dane

"The older I get, the more clearly I remember things that never happened.  Mark Twain

"Wisdom doesn’t necessarily come with age. Sometimes, age just shows up all by itself."

Tom Wilson

"Always be nice to your children because they are the ones who will choose your retirement home." Phyllis Diller

"I don’t plan to grow old gracefully. I plan to have face-lifts until my ears meet."Rita Rudner

"I’m at that age where my back goes out more than I do." Phyllis Diller

"Nice to be here? At my age, it’s nice to be anywhere." George Burns

"Don't let aging get you down. It's too hard to get backup" John Wagner

"First you forget names, then you forget faces, then you forget to pull your zipper up, then you forget to pull your zipper down." Leo Rosenberg

“Aging seems to be the only available way to live a long life.” Kitty O’Neill Collins

“Old people shouldn’t eat health foods. They need all the preservatives they can get.”

 Robert Orben

"It’s important to have a twinkle in your wrinkle." Unknown

"At my age, flowers scare me." George Burns

“I have successfully completed the thirty-year transition from wanting to stay up late to just wanting to go to bed." Unknown

"At age 20, we worry about what others think of us… at age 40, we don’t care what they think of us… at age 60, we discover they haven’t been thinking of us at all." Ann Landers

"When I was young, I was called a rugged individualist. When I was in my fifties, I was considered eccentric. Here I am doing and saying the same things I did then, and I’m labelled senile." George Burns

"I complain that the years fly past, but then I look in a mirror and see that very few of them actually got past." Robert Brault

"The important thing to remember is that I’m probably going to forget." Unknown

"As you get older three things happen. The first is your memory goes, and I can't remember the other two."  Sir Norman Wisdom

“It’s paradoxical that the idea of living a long life appeals to everyone, but the idea of getting old doesn’t appeal to anyone.” Andy Rooney

“Birthdays are good for you. Statistics show that the people who have the most live the longest.” Larry Lorenzoni ( A pedophile priest)

“The older I get, the better I used to be.”  Lee Trevino

"You know you’re getting old when you can pinch an inch on your forehead." John Mendoza

"I was thinking about how people seem to read the bible a lot more as they get older, and then it dawned on me—they’re cramming for their final exam." George Carlin

"I don’t feel old. I don’t feel anything until noon. Then it’s time for my nap." Bob Hope

"I’m 59 and people call me middle-aged. How many 118-year-old men do you know?"

 Barry Cryer

"I don't do alcohol anymore—I get the same effect just standing up fast." Anonymous

“By the time you’re 80 years old you’ve learned everything. Then, you only have to remember it.” George Burns

“Old age isn’t so bad when you consider the alternative.”  Maurice Chevalier

"Getting older. I used to be able to run a 4-minute mile, bench press 380pounds, and tell the truth." Conan O’Brien

"I have reached an age when, if someone tells me to wear socks, I don’t have to." Albert Einstein

"Grand children don’t make a man feel old, it’s the knowledge that he’s married to a grandmother that does." J. Norman Collie

"You know you are getting old when everything hurts, and what doesn’t hurt doesn’t work." Hy Gardner

"When your friends begin to flatter you on how young you look, it’s a sure sign you’re getting old." Mark Twain

"You know you are getting old when everything either dries up or leaks." Joel Plaskett

"There’s one advantage to being 102, there’s no peer pressure." Dennis Wolfberg

"I've never known a person who lives to be 110 who is remarkable for anything else." Josh Billings

"At my age ‘getting lucky’ means walking into a room and remembering what I came in for." Unknown

"Old age is when you resent the swimsuit issue of Sports Illustrated because there are fewer articles to read." George Burns

"The idea is to die young as late as possible."  Ashley Montagu

“You know you’re getting old when you stoop to tie your shoelaces and wonder what else you could do while you’re down there.” George Burns

"People ask me what I’d most appreciate getting for my eighty-seventh birthday. I tell them, a paternity suit." George Burns 

"Time may be a great healer, but it's a lousy beautician." Anonymous.

“Those who love deeply never grow old, they may die of old age, but they die young.” Benjamin Franklin

“Age is a case of mind over matter. If you don’t mind, it don’t matter.” Satchel Paige

 “That’s another great thing about getting older. Your life is written on your face.” Frances McDormand

“Anyone who keeps the ability to see beauty never grows old.” Franz Kafka

 “Old age is always 15 years older than I am.” Oliver Wendell Holmes

“We are always the same age inside.” Gertrude Stein

“It matters not how long we live but how.” Phillip James Bailey

Aging: For a chuckle and a laugh:

An elderly gent had serious hearing problems for years. He went to the MD. He was fitted for a set of hearing aids that allowed the gentleman to hear 100%.

The elderly gent went back in a month to the doctor who said, 'Your hearing is perfect. Your family must be really pleased.'

The gent replied, 'Oh, I haven't told my family yet. I just sit around and listen to their conversations. I've changed my will three times!'

 

A man was telling his neighbor, 'I just bought a new hearing aid. It cost me four thousand dollars, but it is state of the art. It's perfect.'

'Really,' answered the neighbor. 'What kind is it?'

'Twelve thirty.'

 

Morris, an 82 year-old man, went to the doctor to get a physical.

A few days later, the doctor saw Morris walking down the street with a gorgeous young woman on his arm.

A couple of days later, the doctor spoke to Morris and said, 'You're really doing great, aren't you?'

Morris replied, 'Just doing what you said, Doc: 'Get a hot mamma and be cheerful.''

The doctor said, 'I didn't say that. I said, 'You've got a heart murmur; be careful.'

 

Two elderly gentlemen from a retirement center were sitting on a bench under a tree when one turns to the other and says: 'Slim, I'm 83 years old now and I'm just full of aches and pains. I know you're about my age. How do you feel?'

Slim says, 'I feel just like a newborn baby.'

'Really!? Like a newborn baby!?'

'Yep. No hair, no teeth, and I think I just wet my pants.'

 

Three old guys are out walking.

The first one says, 'Windy, isn't it?'

The second one says, 'No, it's Thursday!'

The third one says, 'So am I. Let's go get a beer.'

SOME POEMS ON AGING

 

 Age is Better – Rod Mc Kuen

I have been young,                a fresh-faced sprout,

with agile legs, a muscled arm and smile to charm the world I went through

         in a rush to get a little older, sooner.

Catching my reflection while passing past

                         a looking glass not long ago

I discovered I was older, even old. There was no sudden melancholy or regret, and yet

some sadness in the wonder that it happened while I wasn’t watching,

No pause to proudly ply the autumn into winter  process.

Imagine. Nothing changed.

I run as fast. I think a little faster and yet forget at times what I went after there as I left here to

get it. This while crossing half a room          not half a lifetime. 

So I’ve been young and I’ve been old and have determined old is better. 

Youth unfolds like coy Cleopatra from a rug spilling all its golden wonders at the foot of age

who seems to envy everything, especially spring.

                               The young pledge anything to get an audience. Delivering

sometimes, most times not, on their way before the promissory note comes due.

Can you blame them as they hurry off, afraid another runner may beat them to The Score ahead                                leaving nothing to be scored?

Age is oft times bitter, feeling in its failing health that wealth of life eluded it. Apologize somebody or

some thing for leaving me to find the way I never found or could not find because it was not there                                   or never was.

 

But having seen the surge of youth, the sag of age in breast and chest and everything, I still say spring                                    is overrated. Age is better.

Less is expected of the once firm chest that drags a little lower, the robust voice reduced to murmur                                     speaking slower.

Age can finally say aloud what it really feels and thinks in after dinner company or crowd.

                                No one blinks. If they do, no matter.

Age erases pretence; replacing it with honesty.

Age is proof you got from there to here.  Alas so many that you loved did not complete the journey. You mourn them, yes, and always will, but age is such a triumph over youth, again, because you moved across the years to here.        Leaving there where it belongs for youth to come along and re-discover.    Rod Mc Kuen

Time Steals Away ( by Mary Groarke)

The week I was born,

The world had aged.

It was older than yesterday,

And thousands of years older than me.

Monday brought rain in early morning.

Tuesday, war stole over villages, breaking lives.

By midday on Wednesday, children were singing,

Preparing for Christmas pantomimes and shows.

Thursday the philosophy club met for drinks

And discussed why Christmas exists at all.

Friday evening the weekend days were close,

Somewhere those days filled up with pain

And uninvited consequences resounded.

That one week,

After I was born,

The world had aged.

It was older than yesterday.

And thousands of years older than me.

Another Monday, school started with a bang.

Exams exhausted the land and took control.

That Tuesday, teachers went on strike

And stayed home Wednesday to make a point.

Thursday brought floods after heavy showers

With Friday spent mopping up the wet residue.

The weekend saw the opening of spring fairs

And prayers for sun to mitigate the rain.

That week

After I was born

The world had aged.

It was older than yesterday.

And thousands of years older than me.

Several Mondays brought miners working mines.

Next day, their lungs were filled with choking misery.

Babies burst out on Wednesdays, crying for milk.

Nuns prayed on Thursdays for the world’s forgiveness.

Friday night, Kiddush brought peace and beauty.

Every weekend brought fun, rest and joy to some.

The weeks moved quickly, speedily along.

1984, 2001, milestone years came and went.

Every week

After I was born

The world aged.

It was older than yesterday.

And thousands of years older than me.

Then, my Mondays to Sundays zipped right by.

Dreams became opportunities hit, and missed.

Once wishing to be 21, now double that would suffice.

Time became unstoppable, aging became inevitable.

Events happened in the blink of a speedy eye,

And joints began to creak before I realised

A lifetime had happened to ponder about,

To shout out loud about, to leave behind.

Some week,

After I am no more

The world will have aged.

It will be older than yesterday.

And thousands of years older than me.

Mary Groarke – January 2024

Ageing

When I look in the mirror just what do I see?

A wizened old woman, could it really be me?

I take off my glasses and everything’s hazy

But my young self appears and I’m not going crazy

All that is there are the bits that don’t show

All the things that I’ve learned

All the things that I know

I’m resplendent in wisdom

I’m the sage that friends seek

And it just doesn’t matter that there’s veins on my cheek

It’s great to have knowledge

To have learned from mistakes

Every line every wrinkle hard earned

They’re not fake!

So for me old age comes with a great deal of pride

I put my specs back on as I’ve nothing to hide.

 By Maggie 2024

Acceptance

Accept the fact you’re not so young

Your looks are gone – your praises sung

No longer.  Now as time passes

Your body sags – and you need glasses.

Accept the fact you’re growing old

Accept the fact your nose is cold

In winter, when the cruel winds blow

and earth is covered with soft snow

Accept the fact your friends have died

So wipe away those tears you’ve cried

Tomorrow is another day

Whatever else your heart may say.

Janet Patterson 2024 


Up to now, we have been "frolicking" with the topic of Aging, keeping it light, humorous, academic and somewhat cerebral/literary with all the quotes and narratives.  Today, we went through the back door, facing the aging demons, the somber alleys and reviewing and acknowledging the dark side of aging, including the loss of autonomy, the loss of freedom, the loss of dignity while being repulsed by the awareness that at the end, your only living space is in one corner of the bed. Not only that but being surrounded by strangers caring for you and facing the terror of acute tormenting pain, not to mention looking at the reality of your own demise in the face, is not a fun prospect for anyone.

A dear friend of mine a few weeks back shared that one of her dear friends died in his sleep.  Wouldn't we all want to go off into the next realm in such a gentle way! Unfortunately, it doen't happen that often. (Norma Koening , Norma Kira Masip).

sábado, 14 de enero de 2023

a new way of looking at old prefixes (WANTED Prefixes)

 

 

A list of prefixes is very useful.

Pre...

Trans..

Con..

De..

Di..

Bi..

Re..

Pro...

Contra..

Dia...

Mal...

Ben...

Dis...

Ba...

Super..

In...

Un...

Write the English equivalents of the prefixes or give an example.

Dia for example means opposite. As in day/night. Diagnosis requires knowing the encompassing opposite poles of knowledge to situate by, especially in medicine and mechanics. No good starting to fix a car before a diagnosis.

Compare: inspire, conspire, respire, aspire, transpire.

Spirare in Latin  means to breathe.

Conspire implies it takes two, breathing together. One cannot conspire alone. Inspire happens when one is motivated to life by something which makes you breathe in with love.

See how many words you can make up with each prefix  above without looking at a dictionary.

domingo, 13 de febrero de 2022

When English and Spanish sound similarly

 

                             WHEN SPANISH AND ENGLISH SOUND SIMILAR

Cognates are defined as "words that are similar in two or more languages as a result of common descent." The more closely related two languages are the more cognates they may have. Nearly 40% of both Spanish and English words have a common Latin or Greek origin.

Some examples are:  Hospital, restaurant, abandon (abandonar), abnormal (anormal), accent (acento), band (banda), bar (barra), bicycle (bicicleta), camel (camello), cape (capa), contact (contacto), dialect (dialecto), echo (eco), elegant (elegante).

Inspiration for this entry came after reading” The world´s wackiest Spanish joke book” by Sue Fenton in which she registers over 500 puns in both Spanish and English.

The left-hand column will feature the Spanish word whereas the right hand column will present the sound equivalence and a source of fun which reflects and celebrates the playful spirit in all of us:

HIELO                          YELLOW

JIRAFA                       HER OFFER

JABALÍ                       HER BELLY

JAGUAR                  HOW ARE                                                      

ERIZA                         ARETHA

IGUANA                  I WANNA

RANA                      RUNNER

ZORRILLO              THE REAL

BORRIQUÍN            BURGER KING

GORILA                   GUERRILLA

CABALLETE           COWBOY YETI

PICAFLOR           PICK A FLOOR

PALOMA             PLUMBER

MIRÓ                  MIRROR

ANARANJADA    ANA RUN HARDER

ENERO              A NARROW

HIERRO            HERO

ESPERA GAS        ASPARAGUS

MÁS TARDE        MUSTARD

IZQUIERDA         HE´S SCARED TO                                   SOMBRERO   SOMEWHERE

ALGODÓN         I´LL GO DOWN

JÁRTATE              HEART ATTACK

A MANGAS             AMONG US

HIGO                       EGO

SALÓN                  SO LONG/LONE

SARTÉN                 CERTAIN

COLCHA               CULTURE

LAVABO               LOVABLE

SONORA               SNORER

LA QUEBRADA    LIKE A BROTHER

PESO                    PAY IS SO

VERACRUZ          VARICOSE

DONDE VAS?         ON THE BUS?

NACHO                 NOT YOURS

TURRÓN               TO RUN

OLÉ                        AU_LAIT

SEVILLA             SEVERE

GRANADA              GROWN OUT OF

BARCELONA           BOSS A LONER

ARAGÓN                  I RECKON

DON QUIXOTE        DONKEY OUTIE

ANDALUZ                 ON THE LOOSE

AJO EN JUAN           A HOLE IN ONE

RÁBANOS                 ROBBING US

CHU-CU-CHÚ          YOU COULD CHOOSE

GOLFA                  GOLFER 

PICHA                  PITCHER/PICTURE

¿ TE PICA LA INGLE ?   DO YOU SPEAK ENGLISH?

CRISMA             CHRISTMAS

CO-JO-NES         GOOD MORNING

DESOLAO          SOLD OUT

BAILABLE       AVAILABLE

GIL                     HILL (Surname)

ASÍ(n)                A SIN

¡AY! SÍ               I SEE

LOCKER            LOCA; LOCA

 

 

N.B. OBSERVE THESE PUNS: PIGCASSO, FRACKASO, SABADO DELI, INDALIBLE, FRA-CASADO(PP),..(Make up your own pun)

Write a short creative text using the examples above as prompts starting:

Yellow leaves me cold........


domingo, 14 de febrero de 2021

WORDS as SWORDS

 

(Based on an idea by Michael Frayn featured in The original Michael Frayn The Salamander Press 1983)

(Some uni lecturers at Granada University used to pronounce ”swords” and “words”as homophonous( the same way) in the 1970´s. What great masters we had!…)

See in this same blog 102: Change your words to change your world or 146: The secret life of words.

Words can be used as swords to wound both superficially and deeply. As the Spanish proverb goes:” It can burn hotter than a gypsy´s words. You can be more hurtful than the words of a gypsy.”

So, be very careful with the words you choose: they can be harmful if poorly chosen, patronizing, derogatory, laudatory, vague or even explosive (They can be real dynamite)…” Just say beautiful things and you will be a beautiful person.” One of Buddha´s life-changing quotes states: Think good thoughts, say nice words, do good for others as everything comes back (Karma).  Remember each and every one of us is still healing from things they don´t talk about, so be kind. Use positive words, create your own healing vocabulary from A-Z:

Ex:

Awakened alertness

Breathed in bravery

Confident courage

Delicious dreams

Friendly faith fine

Healing hope

Joyful Joy

Love laughter

Mindfulness music

New nourishment

Open Optimism

Perfumed peace

Regal rejoycing

Special strength smile

Tidy Trust

Unity Up

Visual Vitamins

Wonderful world

MAKE EVERY ADJECTIVE A GLADJECTIVE: Ex: nice, beautiful, fine, gorgeous, awesome, …

MAKE EVERY ADVERB A GLADVERB: Ex: happily, wonderfully, extraordinarily, funnily …  

TURN EVERY VERB INTO A GLAD-VERB: (List 5 verbs)

TURN EVERY NOUN INTO A GLAD-NOUN: (List 5 nouns)

 Can words kill people?

If you could kill a word what word would you kill?

Ex: die; dead; death; darkness, envy, enemy, misery, mediocrity, trouble, conflict, stress, worries, pain, fear, lies, hate, traitor, Satan, war, Greed, anger, toxic, poison, doom and gloom, etc..

The power of words is such that psychologists use several intense tests to reflect it. In one of them you are asked to write on a piece of paper the name of someone very dear to you.

Once you have written the name of that beloved person, folded and kept it, the tester tells you: “The person whose name you have written is going to die a horrible death”. (Sighs… shock.. disbelief…)

When we were at boarding school the head told us that if we tried those strawberries we would perish in terrible circumstances. (The same biblical story of the forbidden fruit) When we were travelling by train we drank train water which said non-drinkable; since we were very thirsty, first we drank and then realized our mistake expecting nausea, vomit, and the worst…

Some people´s lives are determined by powerful words such as: productivity, hatred, running, hunting, Spain; or “sacred” words such as Jesus, Mohammed, Buddha, Moses, etc..

Write five more examples of words which can determine a person´s life.

A reminder that there's one word in the English language that can be a noun, verb, adjective, adverb and preposition. It is in the list above. Which one is it?

By way of curiosity these words are synonymous with which English adjective?:

 Amusing, comical, droll, excentric, funny, mischievious, odd, unusual, weird, arbitrary, capricious, chancy, chimerical,curious, dicey, erratic, fantastic, flaky, freakish, kinky,peculiar, quaint, queer, quizzical, singular, uncertain, unpredictable, waggish, wayward! (Thanks, Norma)

Happiness is a noun but it should be a verb. Can you think of similar words and ideas?

 


 



 

miércoles, 15 de abril de 2020

Priorities in XXIst century EDUCATION

             
EDUCATION IN THE XXIst CENTURY

I´ve followed freely Yuval Noah Harari´s 21 lessons for the 21st century and my own experience after learning from the Millenium generation, which is facing unprecedented transformations and radical uncertainties.  Teachers, being a by-product of the same "educashional"system, tend to reproduce parrot-like the same patterns, modes of thought and mental ticks they suffered/lived through as students themselves.
Schools nowadays should downplay content and  SELECT information, as nearly everything is on the net and Wikipedia, and emphasize life skills to deal with unfamiliar situations and the ever changing challenges of daily life.The only life certainty is Change. Kindly Learn to unlearn and relearn... 

Pedagogical experts argue that schools should teach the four C´s which I have enlarged up to over two dozen:

 

1)  Critical thinking: explore the contradictions in the grand narratives of the past

2)   Communication , perhaps the most important life skills

3)   Collaboration and solidarity (cooperation instead of fierce competition  )

4)   Creativity. Human beings are a very creative species. We enjoy experiments

5)    Courage and strength to preserve your mental balance in difficult situations

6)    Calm (emotional intelligence)

7)     Construction of your identities (multiple intelligences)

         Character definition: Consistency in y(our)      Contradictions.

8)     Conflict & Challenge resolution (Life´s never going to be easy)

9)     Courtesy:  Practise Politeness, Compassion, Kindness, Gentleness & Empathy

10) Climate cataclysm Deep awareness of  our human impact on Nature and global warming effects. Environmental  conservation.

11) Consciousness of cultural conventions and biological factors beyond our control.

12) Crosscurricular connections: Biotechnology; Bioengineering;

       road sense; Life-long learning, etc..

13) Common sense by applying it to every situation, knowing that reason, understanding and humour improve everyone´s lives.

(Common sense keeps on being the least common of all the senses)

14) Cleanliness, (especially after the COVID19 plandemics), by stressing the importance of cleaning habits and  both physical and spiritual cleanliness.

15) C.C.R.(Your ideal music);(Your dream life, man, woman, partner, friend..)

16) Cultivation of Constant Curiosity

17) Contemplation, Charity. Doubt versus Dogma: Warn against the dangers of Certainty

18) Question (y)our Consumer Culture.

19) Connectivity to those around you and the Natural world.

20) Cultural concepts contested: Arbitrary beliefs confrontation: Centuries of oppression

21) Crafting Confidence and resilience

22) Coping with crises : Climb every mountain

23) Commitment to action for a better planet, to improve your City, your Country, your Culture..

24) Construction of a Conceptual Self and Conceptualize alternative versions of reality

25) Contribute a values Compass in the chaotic, confusing circus around us...

26) Caring & Sharing: (Compartir para el Crecimiento personal)

27) Contribute to being a useful member of society, to feel part of something greater than yourself

28) Connect your whole being (Mind, Body and Breath)

                      Classical (Chinese) Culture

                      Carpe Diem

                      Quod nova testa capit, inveterata sapit (We best know what we learn first)

                       Vivere tota vita discendum est ( We are to learn as long as we live)

                       Verba volant, scripta manent ( Words fly away, writing remains)

                       Indocti discant et ament meminisse periti

                       Fas est et ab hoste doceri (Ovid)

                       Docendo discitur

                      Hominis dum docent discunt ( While we are teaching we are learning)

                      Mens sana in corpore sano (Meaning a balance between physical and intellectual abilities)





   

domingo, 15 de marzo de 2020

algorithms to practise CONDITIONAL sentences (On lockdown)

       

ALGORITHMS TO PRACTISE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

An algorithm is an unambiguous method of solving a specific problem.(Wikipedia)
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm /ˈælɡərɪðəm/  is a finite sequence of well-defined, computer-implementable instructions, typically to solve a class of problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are always unambiguous and are used as specifications for performing calculations, data processing, automated reasoning, and other tasks.(Wiki Again) 
(Inspiration for this activity came from  Henry Alford´s  The New Yorker December 10 2018)

Write two examples of conditional sentences similar to the ones below:

If you like writing long e-mails you might also like going to a gym where you smash furniture with a hammer.
If you enjoy coffee you may like gossip.
If you read Nietzsche, you are great fun.
If you are into heavy metal, you might imagine the roar of tectonic plates smashing against one another.
If you prefer meeting weird guys you might like wearing big, dark sunglasses.
If you dislike staying at home you might like falling asleep on the bus/underground.
If you achieve tiny moral victories, you might easily feel offended.
If you enjoy unraveling complex expressions you might not wash your hands after using the loo.
If you like sometimes but not always doing the opposite of what´s expected of you, you might also try being offline for two months.
If you refuse to answer e-mails you might like to buy a house on the edge of a cliff.
If you get a penalty/ticket/fine for having an ancestor who reached the grand old age of 100, you might also like pretending that your phone is vibrating in order to avoid talking to someone.
If you are rushed to Hospital you might buy anything once you check out.
If you awaken from coma you are more likely to be fired.

If you are on voluntary lockdown, you might as well find more about algorithms.