martes, 23 de abril de 2019

The A-Z of being early retired

The A-Z of being early retired /(retarded)

I have to keep on reminding myself that I´m retired so am living in the oxymoron of active retirement. Because of inertia or our deeply-ingrained habits and mental frames I still lead both an intellectually and physically energetic life.  The A-Z compendium that follows could be valid for: Students, teachers, parents, singles, divorced, doctors, nurses and so on…:


ANXIETY BUSTING

BOREDOM BLESSINGS  (Sp.
donkey´s I´m lying)

CONFIDENCE CONVERSATIONS   COMPETITIVENESS?

DANGER DEATH DREAMING ON

EXPLORING EMPATHY & EMOTIONAL VERTIGO & ENTHUSIASM

FOUND FREEDOM, FINDING YOURSELF, FORGIVE & FORGET,  FLATULENT FAMILIARITY

GOING GREEN, GRATITUDE, GROWING OLD (DIS)GRACEFULLY

HOLIDAYING (permanent)

INTERNET INSIGHTS & INTUITION

JUDGEMENTAL? JUVENILIA JABBERWOCKY..

KUDOS (credit, honour and prestige) & KNOWLEDGE

LOSSES,LAUGHTER AT LEISURE,LOVE SONGS & LUST, LIVING A LIE…

MATURING, MEDITATION AND MINDFULNESS  Mistakes

NEW ACTIVITIES or even NOTHING       NO

ON YOUR OWN

PERSONAL POWER, PATIENT PERSEVERANCE,PASSION, PRIDE AND PLEASURE

QUALMS (Those annoying little guilt pangs you get in a fit of loneliness)

RELAXING and RETHINKING YOUR APPROACH TO LIFE

SURVIVING SHOPPING, SHARING SPIRIT

TEMPERING YOUR TEMPER

USED TO ( remember when you used to smile?...)

VOICES IN YOUR HEAD  ( not to be confused with tinnitus)

WISDOM? WALKS…

XXX´S= kisses

YOU

ZERO (the chances of surviving after 100)


Special thanks to Jeff Green´s The A-Z of being single and Nora Hall´s Survive your Husband´s retirement

viernes, 1 de marzo de 2019

(S)TRAIN & DRAIN your BRAIN once again

( This unit has been inspired by the New UXBRIDGE ENGLISH DICTIONARY, which bears some resemblance to the famous Jose Luis Coll´s Dictionary or more recently to Luis Piedrahita´ s El castellano es un idioma loable, lo hable quien lo hable )


We are pushing the boundaries of the English language. Pick any word and offer an alternative, punning definition for it based on the syllables within.Not to be confused with UNWORDS, which you make up such as Infoxication, intaxication,etc..

I´ll just give you some examples so that you can make up your own funny definitions. You´ll realize it´s not too hard:


ADULTERY: What happens after puberty 

ALTERNATIVE: To modify a member of the indigenous population 

 BARBECUE : A Long line of plastic dolls

BOYCOTT : A small bed for a small child 

CELTIC : a prison for fleas 

CASTANET: Go fishing

DIALYSIS: Ring your sister 

DISCOVER: Jamaican for duvet 

EUTHANASIA Young people in China 

FRANCOPHILE : Spanish dictator´s medical records 

GAUCHO: Argentinean Marx Brother 

HYPOTENUSE: The lavatory´s engaged; High pot in use;..

 IVY : Roman for Four 

JACUZZI: Italian version of famous essay by Emile Zola 

KNEEPADS: Scottish turnip commercials 

LAMENTABLE:  The Sunday roast is ready 

MIASMA: the reason I have an inhaler 

MISSISSIPPI : wife of Mister Ippi 

NUBILE: recent speech by Vox leaders 

OPTIMIST : the view through a cataract 

 PASTA: An Italian priest 

QUESTION: Quests I´m ON and off

 RUBICON : Imitation gemstone 

SCANDALS: Sandals with socks 

SENILE: What to do in Egypt  see CHIROPRACTICE

TOUCAN: a couple of tins 

UGANDA: Go and have a look 

VIGILANT: A insect that stays up all night

 WALNUT An obsessive bricklayer 

 XYLOPHONE : Fake storage

YO: A yoyo that only goes one way 

ZUCCHINI: an animal-park enthusiast.


Try doing the same with the following words: Instagram,  Chiropractice, Cloak, Allocate, Hamstring, Woman, Wallaby, Tomahawk, Placebo, Grapple, Leotard, Benign,etc.. ( Not to be confused with blends or portmanteauwords such as Fantabulous, Humongous, Shambolic, etc..)



Deconstructing Spanish & English: a Spanglish code:

Ex: Independiente = En shop-assistant / En of ear-ring/ En of pluma tooth /etc..
20 =Thou in Thee/ You within you/ etc..
To become= come 2 be/ come 2b/..
Indifferent=
Aceisfate=?
Begoteas= ?( a famous Spanish writer) 
I will be cream=? ( some music)
Cachonfinger....



viernes, 22 de febrero de 2019

The importance of being insignificant (a zero on left)


The importance of being extremely insignificant -a zero on left -or Notes from an intellectual armchair adventurer (inspired by the thoughts of Peter Trainin, Neko Vidal and others)
(I´m) just rambling on as usual and putting my thoughts on cyberspace (formerly paper) by listening to myself and others:
On retirement I was told that I (someone who had teaching in his DNA) would be a zero on left –
We are taught to harbor false expectations from our birth…till our death; from the cradle …...to the grave.  I´m a spiritual atheist…
Any good book is a thinking man's best friend. Beware of the person who only reads ONE book.
Turns of phrase to retire to: Competences, incompetence, evaluation, assessment, marks, tests, multiple-choice, exams, projects, all the latest buzz words and more.
… In uniform these types (like some principal whose name I´d rather forget for good) would be vocationally adapted, but they are not military, they are corporate, plain clothes ordinary specimens and in utter submission to authority and the law.  Not physically dangerous, these people are bureaucratically lethal. I am sure we all recognize the type. Not funny people at all, at all. They are sad, mad and bad. They lack empathy and become dangerous sociopaths. Eventually they´ll ascend the rat-race ladder, helped by the chatterbox HMI or their kith and kin. I never took their authority seriously since adolescence. In fact I harbor a visceral distrust, disdain and repulsion for unfounded authoritarian sheepdogs and those who live in thrall to them and their cider house rules. If anyone feels safer protected by cannibals fine, but do not assume universal moral superiority. Those who live by imposed arbitrary authority will die by it in a dark corner. Their minds live in a separate world from reality (Like the emperor´s new clothes´ story).

Game over for good. Came to a bad end like everything else in life…Brexit wrecks it.
.
More bilingual palindromes: OXEN are NEXO, OXEN ERA NEXO; LAMINA ANIMAL; NURIA A I RUN; OI RATON NOTARIO; ANITA ATINA;…

SPAIN´s open wounds: Unmarked mass graves; the long shadow of dictatorship still fresh; cultural and historical fantasies, selective memories, collective amnesia,…

 Utopia and Realities “Just a few centuries ago, when a few people first raised their voices in protest at the human indignity of one person being able to buy others in the marketplace and treat them as if they were just another commodity, not only were they called utopian, gullible and naïve, but they were reminded with a certain (faulty) logic that what had been the custom for thousands of years, since the beginning of mankind, would never change.  Today, the very idea of buying a human being not only strikes us as loathsome but also seems absurd.
Exactly a century ago, in the time of our grandparents, when a debate surfaced in European parliaments about the possibility of extending the right to vote to women, history repeated itself; those who proposed the change were branded utopian, naïve and removed from reality for proposing the granting of rights to that half of humanity, which had been unjustly excluded from decision making on social issues.  The conservatives of the time, while insulting and mocking progressive men and women, maintained that such a thing would never become a reality.  Today we think it so natural that women have the vote that not even those on the extreme right dare question it.
Despite affecting all human societies on the planet, these two social changes, possibly two of the most important in the history of humanity, did not come about as a result of a bloody world war, but primarily through dialogue.
We often forget that our current representative but non-participatory, democratic system has two centuries, born in the American and French revolutions, and our educational system, emerged in Prussia two half centuries, both are obsolete because they were created for companies, with most of the illiterate population and half of it, women, without any social right”.

Surrealism is a very old trick. Accuse your accusers of what they accuse you.
Fake news calling the inconvenient truth, like the gospel (allegedly good news - euangelos-when in fact it´s –pseudoangelos-, fake news).
Unending surrealism. Another invention by fellow humans to deceive us, fellow humans. "Stop thinking of yourself as an ordinary human being who has ordinary problems that need to be solved."

Our mental tattooing has installed disneyfied nostalgia for a past that never existed.
In the year 1800 there were 8 times fewer people than now. And that was only 219 years ago!
But ingrained reverence for mediocre authority figures, well versed in tangling logical fallacies into their self-serving justification for perennial hegemony, has been the engine of modern history, which equals propaganda.
It is beyond some specific case of country or person. It is plain common sense which has been anesthetized by ignorance, fear and greed for several centuries and worldwide. Awesome!!!
Here are those that read something and accept it without research and those that read it and reject it without research.
The first act out of spite for the authorities while the second act out of reverence for authority and to spite the conspiracy theorists.
Truth here is not relevant.
And then there are the spineless sycophants who never had an opinion on anything that was not dictated by their personal economic or psychological dependence on conformity.
The certainty mindset —wanting to have ‘the’ truth — can stop you from growing as a person. Rather than discovering life, you get stuck in what it is familiar.
The world is fluid and unexpected—life is always a surprise. You don’t need certainty; but to be open to challenging your truths. That’s the path for personal discovery — to seeing life sharply.
Certainty can cripple your life
“There is no certainty; there is only adventure.” — Roberto Assagioli
Being certain doesn’t mean that you have the right answer.
The mind is incredibly averse to uncertainty and ambiguity. When we don’t know something, we create our own reasonable explanation. According to cognitive science, we prefer to hold on to these invented justifications than to admit we don’t know what happened.
Having an answer is not correlated to seeing life sharply.
Social psychologist Arie Kruglanski coined the term ‘cognitive closure’, to describe our aversion toward ambiguity and uncertainty. We prefer having an answer as quickly as possible rather than to discover the truth.
During times of fear and anxiety the need for cognitive closure increases.
Studies have demonstrated that, after terrorist attacks, society feels an urge to find who’s responsible. Fear feeds rumors and fake versions — people share stories without any validation. The desire to punish someone gets everyone out of control — it becomes okay to accuse the first apparent suspect.
Being under attack rapidly affects our logic. Anyone is guilty until proven innocent — not the other way around, as it should be. That’s how the desire for certainty can cripple our lives.
The need for closure makes you see the world in black and white — you simply close your mind to new information.

Skepticism is not being in denial
“Do you want to know what my secret is? I don’t mind what happens.” — Jiddhu Krishnamurti
Trying to find an answer is not wrong — being blinded by the need for quick resolution is the problem.
When we overreact, things get out of hands. The medicine becomes more dangerous than the disease we are trying to cure.
The opposite of the need for closure is skepticism. Rather than taking the first answer for real, you challenge the truth. You don’t let irrational fear dictate your answers.
Skepticism is not nihilism or being negative; it’s adding an extra filter. Rather than taking anything for granted, you want to validate the truth. You don’t take social constructs as true no matter how strong peer pressure is.
The need for certainty can shape your perception — your own stories cloud reality. You don’t do it on purpose, of course. We all fall victims to the  mind tricks. Challenging your own beliefs requires training your critical mind.
Developing a critical mind will prevent you from taking the social constructs — rumors or not — for valid.
That’s how rumors get started in the office. One person creates the story and shares it with two different people. Then they wait and see. When someone listens to a similar story coming from two different ‘sources,’ the rumor is validated.
Being skeptical doesn’t mean being rigid, dogmatic, hypercritical, or obtuse. You simply understand that you cannot react to the first given answer, you want more evidence before buying into it.
Skepticism is not denial either. Anything is possible (or not) until proven the contrary. Challenging a theory is how new lines of thinking are created. If you believe that one idea is an absolute truth, you don’t leave room for incremental improvement.
You can be a skeptic without being a cynic.
Cynicism is distrusting most information you see or hear, especially when our beliefs are being challenged. Cynics are tricky — they have a strong argument to debunk other people’s ideas, but have little support to justify their beliefs.
Cynics are intolerant — they have inflexible thoughts that leave no room for additional ideas.
Skepticism is not thinking that beliefs are wrong, but that they may be wrong, as I wrote here.
There are two types of skepticism: negative and positive. By removing bad ideas, negative skepticism allows good ones to flourish.
Positive skepticism goes beyond the removal of false claims. The Greek word ‘skeptikos’ means “thoughtful.” While the need for closure is a reaction in the heat of the moment, being skeptical is less impulsive. It requires inquiring and reflecting.
Positive skepticism fuels critical thinking— it encourages you to get a deeper understanding of events or things.
Instead of taking the truth for granted, you question it first.
The truth will set you free “The truth will set you free, but first it will make you miserable.” — Jim Davis
Our need for certainty might overshadow facts.
People who are certain of an opinion are more likely to act on it. The elections are a great example. When people are confidently in favor of candidate X, they are more likely to vote for that candidate than someone who is uncertain even though they support the same candidate.
The surer someone believes he/ she is right; the harder it is to persuade that person that he/she might be wrong. When people feel sure, it’s harder to change their minds.
Certainty can get you stuck in a position; you shut down to new alternatives.
You have the freedom to choose. But the truth is not optional, right?
Neurologist Robert Burton argues that certainty is not a conscious choice, nor a thought process, but a sensation — it’s the ‘feeling of knowing.’ Like anger or fear, it doesn’t rely on a deep state of knowledge. The author explains how most times we are wrong even when we’re convinced we are right.
Ulric Neisser, the father of cognitive psychology, conducted the “Challenger study” to question what he called ‘flashbulb memories’ — how shocking, emotional event leave a vivid imprint on the mind. Students were asked how they’d heard about the disaster, where they were, what they were doing at the time, etc. Neisser collected information the day following the incident. He repeated the experiment three years after. Students expressed high levels of confidence that their false memories of the explosion were more accurate than the descriptions they had written down one day after the explosion.
One student commented, “That’s my handwriting, but that’s not what happened.”
The autonomous rational mind is a myth. The answer, Burton argues, lies in accepting the limits of our ability to know and in “playing by the rules of scientific method.”
The concepts of the self and free will are innate useful fictions that allow us to function. As Samuel Johnson said, “All theory is against the freedom of the will; all experience is for it.”
Modern neurophysiology tells us our decisions are made subconsciously before we are aware of deciding.
The way of the skeptical mind
“In order to seek truth, it is necessary once in the course of our life to doubt, as far as possible, of all things.” — René Descartes
Embrace positive skepticism
Turn challenging the “truth” into a habit. Once again, I’m not asking you to become a cynic and distrust everyone. Positive skepticism is about finding the other side of the story.
 To understand whether the sources and analysis are impartial.
Listen to both sides of a story. Look for heterogeneous sources. Set your conclusions aside before read all the information. Ask: What if? In order to explore different hypothesis.
Avoid reacting as mobs do
Most crowds belong to an identifiable group — the collective beliefs dictate the crowd’s action. Fear and anxiety erase logic and rationality. All the mob cares is to find a scapegoat.
Beliefs blind individuals. When the mob is blind, the behaviors are even more damaging. Try to calm the mob before things go out of hand.
Be open to change your mind
It’s okay to believe something and then, after reviewing the facts, realize that either you were wrong or your memory was playing tricks. As it happened to the participants of the “Challenger study.”
Changing your mind is wise. People who get stuck to what they believe is true, stop learning.
Turn challenging truths into a healthy habit
Continually question the truth, especially yours. There is never a 100% guarantee that we are right. Burton suggests we use the words “I believe” instead of “I know.”
Admitting that ‘your truth’ is actually a belief will set you free. It becomes easier to challenge your interpretation of real events.
Adopt a ‘maybe mindset’
The world is uncertain and continually mutating. What was right yesterday, will not be okay tomorrow. Scientists are constantly discovering new theories that debunk previous ones.
The same happens with life events — what seems positive today might unexpectedly turn into negative tomorrow. Truth is ‘provisional’ ,  adopt a ‘maybe mindset,’ as I explained here.
We don’t control life events.
Life is about discovery, not about being certain. Being skeptical will prevent you from taking things for granted — you will see life sharply.Increase Your Self Awareness
 Stretch Your Mind. Knowledge does not bring wisdom, It brings a higher quality of ignorance.
The wilfull ignorance of the lumpen  is evident in their arrogance.
The unwilling ignorance of the bright  is evident in their humility.
Being offended  to defend the politically correct is psychic cancer.
To comprehend is not to learn.
To understand is not to have insight.
To inculcate is dog training. Ideological bromide.
To share skills is deeply satisfying. Like being a true teacher. Synergetic love.
These are loaded words. P T.

domingo, 6 de enero de 2019

O.K. English rules the world O.K....

(Copied from a recent magazine)


From a global perspective, it is not America that is threatened by foreign languages. It is the world that is threatened by English

Behemoth, bully, loudmouth, thief: English is everywhere, and everywhere, English dominates. From inauspicious beginnings on the edge of a minor European archipelago, it has grown to vast size and astonishing influence. Almost 400m people speak it as their first language; a billion more know it as a secondary tongue. It is an official language in at least 59 countries, the unofficial lingua franca of dozens more. No language in history has been used by so many people or spanned a greater portion of the globe. It is aspirational: the golden ticket to the worlds of education and international commerce, a parent’s dream and a student’s misery, winnower of the haves from the have-nots. It is inescapable: the language of global business, the internet, science, diplomacy, stellar navigation, avian pathology. And everywhere it goes, it leaves behind a trail of dead: dialects crushed, languages forgotten, literatures mangled.

One straightforward way to trace the growing influence of English is in the way its vocabulary has infiltrated so many other languages. For a millennium or more, English was a great importer of words, absorbing vocabulary from Latin, Greek, French, Hindi, Nahuatl and many others. During the 20th century, though, as the US became the dominant superpower and the world grew more connected, English became a net exporter of words. In 2001, Manfred Görlach, a German scholar who studies the dizzying number of regional variants of English – he is the author of the collections Englishes, More Englishes, Still More Englishes, and Even More Englishes – published the Dictionary of European Anglicisms, which gathers together English terms found in 16 European languages. A few of the most prevalent include “last-minute”, “fitness”, “group sex”, and a number of terms related to seagoing and train travel.



In some countries, such as France and Israel, special linguistic commissions have been working for decades to stem the English tide by creating new coinages of their own – to little avail, for the most part. (As the journalist Lauren Collins has wryly noted: “Does anyone really think that French teenagers, per the academy’s diktat, are going to trade out ‘sexting’ for texto pornographique?”) Thanks to the internet, the spread of English has almost certainly sped up.

The gravitational pull that English now exerts on other languages can also be seen in the world of fiction. The writer and translator Tim Parks has argued that European novels are increasingly being written in a kind of denatured, international vernacular, shorn of country-specific references and difficult-to-translate wordplay or grammar. Novels in this mode – whether written in Dutch, Italian or Swiss German – have not only assimilated the style of English, but perhaps more insidiously limit themselves to describing subjects in a way that would be easily digestible in an anglophone context.

Yet the influence of English now goes beyond simple lexical borrowing or literary influence. Researchers at the IULM University in Milan have noticed that, in the past 50 years, Italian syntax has shifted towards patterns that mimic English models, for instance in the use of possessives instead of reflexives to indicate body parts and the frequency with which adjectives are placed before nouns. German is also increasingly adopting English grammatical forms, while in Swedish its influence has been changing the rules governing word formation and phonology.

Within the anglophone world, that English should be the key to all the world’s knowledge and all the world’s places is rarely questioned. The hegemony of English is so natural as to be invisible. Protesting it feels like yelling at the moon. Outside the anglophone world, living with English is like drifting into the proximity of a supermassive black hole, whose gravity warps everything in its reach. Every day English spreads, the world becomes a little more homogenous and a little more bland.

Until recently, the story of English was broadly similar to that of other global languages: it spread through a combination of conquest, trade and colonisation. (Some languages, such as Arabic and Sanskrit, also caught on through their status as sacred tongues.) But then, at some point between the end of the second world war and the start of the new millenium, English made a jump in primacy that no amount of talk about it as a “lingua franca” or “global language” truly captures. It transformed from a dominant language to what the Dutch sociologist Abram de Swaan calls a “hypercentral” one.

De Swaan divides languages into four categories. Lowest on the pyramid are the “peripheral languages”, which make up 98% of all languages, but are spoken by less than 10% of mankind. These are largely oral, and rarely have any kind of official status. Next are the “central languages”, though a more apt term might be “national languages”. These are written, are taught in schools, and each has a territory to call its own: Lithuania for Lithuanian, North and South Korea for Korean, Paraguay for Guarani, and so on.



Following these are the 12 “supercentral languages”: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Hindi, Japanese, Malay, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Swahili – each of which (except for Swahili) boast 100 million speakers or more. These are languages you can travel with. They connect people across nations. They are commonly spoken as second languages, often (but not exclusively) as a result of their parent nation’s colonial past.

Then, finally, we come to the top of the pyramid, to the languages that connect the supercentral ones. There is only one: English, which De Swaan calls “the hypercentral language that holds the entire world language system together”. The Japanese novelist Minae Mizumura similarly describes English as a “universal language”



viernes, 21 de diciembre de 2018

My pet hates


MY PET HATES………..(me) (Structural ambiguity)

They say Christmas is a period charged with an overdose of religious feelings when the good and happy pretend to be better even becoming angelic and the sad and neurotic get  more depressed and even suicidal.(They also add that a perfectly adjusted human being would be silent about their hates)
I´ve vented out my pet hates, people, objects and situations I just can´t stand like the so-called Christmas spirit:

Celebrity magazines ( Cuore, Love, Vanitatis, Pronto, Lecturas, Semana, Hello, 10 minutes, etc.) – they are all superficial, banal toilet paper publications!
Preachers, charlatans and manipulators ( What they think is their reality)
People glued to their mobile phones whose only realities come through the net.
 I really hate the English love of animals over human beings (Thanks to David Goodland)
I hate the noise level in bars, discos and restaurants
I loathe above all Nationalism, put above Unity between Countries. I will always be a European citizen of the world, whatever happens next year.
I loathe and detest BREXIT (as I  hate intolerance and politicians who pick on minorities and use 'immigrants' as a euphemism for 'hating foreigners'.)
When you can remember things from years ago but you can´t remember what you ate yesterday/ what you went into the kitchen for.
Being in a hurry for no obvious reason
Poisonous beliefs: Anything from bioneuroemotions, religions or magnetic energy to NLP
( In fact, people can believe whatever they like but when you stop and look closely at the sort of strange ideas people believe you realize that the world is populated by insane locos on a hitherto undreamed-of-scale)
When they tell you it is HISTORY and it is Propaganda/ Fake news since humankind began.
 The use of baby talk in indirect speech.
People who show off their material possessions.
When my shoes pinch/ do not fit or my clothes oppress me.
The use of the illogical first person singular or plural when relating an impersonal event in the past, or when phrasing interrogative words like how, why, when.(Thanks to Pete Trainin)
Gullible airheads at the kitchen table who believe in every sort of alternative remedy.
Boring politicians and nobody seems to perceive their verbal incompetence and immaturity.
The chronically infantilized politicians who demonstrate their lack of intellectual agility by clinging to clichés, ready-made sentences and over(re)acting.
Next, replying to questions with the word So, which is deductive not causal. Same neuro linguistic degradation as above.
Those who ape and flatter authority constantly by assuming a pandering posture of slave to authority expecting some rewards in return.
Priests, architects, doctors and lawyers find themselves implicitly dealing with the uninformed (chronically ignorant). Their profession implies loyalty to the feudalism that keeps them inside the castle walls.
Being bossed about by the know-all arrogance of the ignorant.
When people talk too much about themselves and never listen to others.
Opportunistic people who have forgotten it was chance and luck which put them there and not their own merits or values
People who believe in miracles like the virginity of Mary but are indifferent  to genuine scientific wonders.
People who exert coercive persuasion, abuse of power and the pedagogy of fear.
Ersatz psychologists and psychiatrists who adhere to pseudo-therapies to rob you of your money.



miércoles, 21 de noviembre de 2018

The Linguistic Principle of Least Effort (P.L.E.)


THE LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES of LEAST EFFORT (P.L.E.)
Looking back mine has been both a very serious and important  job and I have dedicated my life wholeheartedly to it.
I am vocational whereas I´ve found few of my colleagues were” vacational” civil servants who followed roughly the Principles of Least Effort (P.L.E.) (How ironically close to P.E.L.-Portfolio Europeo de Lenguas-!!) which equals the human principle of least action and movement.

Applications of Zipf's Law
"Zipf's law is useful as a rough description of the frequency distribution of words in human languages: there are a few very common words, a middling number of medium frequency words, and many low frequency words. [G.K.] Zipf saw in this a deep significance.
According to his theory both the speaker and the hearer are trying to minimize their effort. The speaker's effort is conserved by having a small vocabulary of common words and the hearer's effort is lessened by having a large vocabulary of individually rarer words (so that messages are less ambiguous). The maximally economical compromise between these competing needs is argued to be the kind of reciprocal relationship between frequency and rank that appears in the data supporting Zipf's law." One explanation for linguistic change is the principle of least effort. According to this principle, language changes because speakers are 'sloppy' and simplify their speech in various ways. Accordingly, abbreviated forms like math for mathematics and plane for airplane arise. Going to becomes gonna because the latter has two fewer phonemes to articulate. . . . On the morphological level, speakers use showed instead of shown as the past participle of show so that they will have one less irregular verb form to remember."The principle of least effort is an adequate explanation for many isolated changes, such as the reduction of God be with you to good-bye, and it probably plays an important role in most systemic changes, such as the loss of inflections in English.
As I´ve pointed out before English is a language of monosyllables (Entry 190 in my blog)
Why, you may wonder , is monosyllable such a long word?
Part of the international success of English is due to its simplicity and the triumph of the linguistic law of least effort. The 100 essential words to learn are monosyllabic:
Just by way of comparison see the words below and  in a direct contrast between English and Spanish decide which option to choose:


ENGLISH  SPANISH

PIER      DESEMBARCADERO, VARADERO
NEED   NECESITAR
FLOOD  INUNDACIÓN
FLASH  RELÁMPAGO
BURN   QUEMADURA
KNEE   RODILLA
HEAD   CABEZA
FIRST   PRIMERO
TENTH  DÉCIMO
STEW   ESTOFADO
LINED/WRINKLED   ARRUGADO
TOO  DEMASIADO
NOW   AHORA
LEFT   IZQUIERDA
RIGHT DERECHA
CHANCE   CASUALIDAD
FISH    PESCADO
VEAL   TERNERA
STORK   CIGÜEÑA
TOAST   TOSTADA/tostÁ
CARROT   ZANAHORIA
CLAP    APLAUDIR
KNIGHT  CABALLERO
FAN   VENTILADOR/ ABANICO
SCRATCH   ARAÑAZO
TYRE   NEUMÁTICO
BOOT   MALETERO
BUMPER  PARACHOQUES
DIPSTICK   VARILLA DEL ACEITE

Write ten more examples to show how a monosyllabic English word equals a longer Spanish word.

Because of our common Latin and Greek  roots we share thousands of words with minimal changes (the important changes are phonetic):

CONCLUSION
DIVISION
TELEVISION
ACCUMULATION
ANTICIPATION
HUMILIATION
INSTALLATION
VARIATION
INTERRUPTION
PROTECTION

DICTATOR
INVESTIGATOR
MANIPULATOR
RADIATOR
TRAITOR

ACTIVITY
AFFINITY
CAPACITY
GRAVITY
MORTALITY

AMNESTY
ANATOMY
AUTONOMY
FANTASY
ZOOLOGY

FAMILY
AGENCY
ALLERGY
GALAXY
URGENCY

ABDOMEN
ALCOHOL
ALTAR
DEFICIT
CANAL

ACCENT
BASTARD
DIALOGUE
MODEL
MINUTE

FIND 5 MORE IN EACH CATEGORY

P.S. Try to think of any cases in which the opposite holds true: when Spanish words or phrases are shorter than their English equivalents. Exs: HOY versus TODAY,  MIL v. THOUSAND, Y v. AND...


sábado, 13 de octubre de 2018

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A big moment for you. I can easily identify with some of your feelings.   My guess is that it will take you around two years to feel free of your duties as a teacher.  The walk to freedom is more complex. (D.W.)

  Congratulations on finally escaping the tyranny of the timetable (S.R) 

    Dear Jose,
Firstly, my apologies for having your email spending so long in my “in-tray”.  Partly due to not knowing quite where to begin with my reply.  It came as a great shock to me.  You, retiring …..  you couldn’t possibly be retiring, you couldn’t possibly be that old.  Maybe you are taking “early retirement”?  Shock, amazement , incredulity and curiosity.  Then sadness.  Sadness for all the future students that will not have the benefit of you.  I went around for days with a sense of loss.  And then hey-ho…………….it dawned on me.  What’s one person’s loss is another’s gain.  You, for sure, will not be doing nothing and so something else will gain.

I printed out your attachment and it too went around with me…
...  As I sat with my coffee in Nerja the last few weeks, thirty years of my life have passed in front of me.  How extraordinary!
I thank you for your attachment of beautiful writings.  What a wonderful way to announce your retirement!.
And lastly and most important of all, I wish you, all that you would wish for yourself, in the next phase of your living. (M.B.)





Thank you for attaching your retirement "manifesto". Recalling my own retirement speech over 25 years ago, it too was filled with hopes and plans for the future. You have the positive advantage of seeing directly the products of your career in the successful lives of the students you have taught…

With your wide-ranging world view and tolerance of the various viewpoints of others, I would see you as an excellent person to assume that role…

Of course, you probably have many ideas and plans of your own and I wish you well for you deserve every positive thing that life has to offer. But, knowing you, I know that sitting a rocking chair, watching television, is not a life you would relish. Your statement was concise but informative but the interview was even more revealing of your keen spirit and animation. Thank you for including Vivian and myself in your list of English-speaking friends.

(M.M.)

I applied my thinking to your stellar career.

I would divide it into parts. Your human talents in many areas, psychology, organizing groups, achieving long term goals of setting people up to be competent professionals and knowing your subjects well enough to transmit them usefully.

The other part is less sexy. Education has been replaced by obedience and job training. CORE mean anything to you. Result focus. You write clearly .Great come back. Good stuff (P.T.)
 Dear Jose Manuel
Many many thanks for your invitation. I am honoured to make a special visit to Nerja and take part in your celebration.
You are not just a teacher, you are a mentor for all the students who have come under your influence. Your sincerity, guidance and care for the growing-up problems of your students is a model for those who will follow you.
I was fortunate to have had 3/4 teachers like yourself in Ceylon and 3/4 during my late teenage years in London. I owe a lot to them and rejoice that I can thank them with as your students and colleagues  will do in October.
I also recall that there have been a few sad events in your life, but your moral courage has inspired you to manage them. As a person of Spain I place you in the class of Lorca, Antonio Machado, Friar Louis and Don Miguel de Unamuno of Salamanca.

My farewell along with all the ex-pats who have had the honour to know you. (A.P.)
would it be possible to send my wishes to José Manuel for a long and happy retirement?   He was the first person to teach me some Spanish, many years ago as we were neighbours.
Thank you
(J McC).

Congratulations!

Thank you for the files too. Those writings clearly tell me how much you love your job with pride both in yourself and your students. That's so beautiful…(A.I.)
 Dear Jose Manuel,

From a friend in Nerja I recently received a copy of the article in the Market Place on the occasion of your  retirement, and I have also heard from Tony that during his upcoming stay in Nerja he will be attending your farewell reception.

I am only sorry I cannot be there in person to wish you well, and to thank you most sincerely for our very positive and close cooperation, - through NADFAS (now The Arts Society), and the Capistrano Lectures, which fortunately are continuing in the capable hands of Sue Richards,

As inspirational teacher, and through your contacts with the ex-pat community, you have left an indelible mark on both the young people in your care and the many friends within international circles. I have always believed that we are put on this planet to make a difference - you certainly have and your legacy will live on for many years to come.

I seem to remember that one of your ambitions on retiring was to travel more - "to travel is to live" as Hans Christian Andersen once wrote in his book "Travels in Spain" (his statue is on the Alameda in Malaga across from Plaza Marina).

Enjoy your new life in the knowledge of a job very well done.(R.K.) 
David Goodland reviewing History comes alive for the NHG some time ago:
"First talk of the year was given by José Manuel Cabezas, author of over 30 books, winner of a Fulbright Scholarship, and head of English at The Instituto Sierra Almijara, Nerja.  Senor Cabezas also has a great sense of humour which makes listening to him pure delight.
 He began with a slide show of 20th Century images of Spain, winding up with the specific subject of his talk, ‘Life under Franco’.  We saw fascist salutes given by children, Hitler and Franco arm in arm, the grey ranks of the imprisoned (all Spain was a prison) and revealing images of domestic poverty.
Having established the atmosphere of his childhood in the 50’s and 60’s, Senor Cabezas became quietly personal. He told us of his University days in Malaga and Granada; campus policing and threats to the fragile democracy established in 1977. He gave us a rare insight into a church/state conspiracy; of draconian divorce laws, rigid adherence to tradition, and most importantly, daily fear. Like the fear that held Manuel Cortez, ex-Mayor of Mijas, a prisoner in his own home for 30 years.
 He went on to praise the politicians who refused to cower under parliament benches in 1981. (Some are still alive, as is the figurehead of the uprising.) These were the days when the young King, Juan Carlos, walked a tight-rope between the old 19th Century Militarists and the Technocrats’ hopes for Spain as part of a democratic Europe.
Senor Cabezas is a bridge builder with a stunning command of English. His love of humanity is obvious; his belief in his students, past and present, unshakeable.  He believes in education. He is an apologist for neither right nor left.  By listing facts and statistics he denies Fascism its comfort and Liberalism its complacency. He is outspoken. In fact, he is a whiff of fresh air.
Normally we enjoy talks at the Nerja History Group, but José Manuel, 26 years in the classroom, sparked a lively debate.  He also put the present in some perspective, offered us an unusually optimistic view of the future and brought history to life."(Thanks ever so much for your encouraging words)


 I´ve always harboured a visceral distrust, disdain and repulsion for unfounded authoritarian sheepdogs and those who live in thrall to them and their rules which benefit  them....